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Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism
Wedekind, Peter ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Fiorctos, Karl Orfeo (referee) ; Simon, Stephen A. (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Peter Wedekind Justification and Limits of State Coercion in Liberal Democracies: Reconciling Binding Welfare State Policies and a Reformed Classical Liberalism Dissertation Thesis Abstract - English Prague 2022 Abstract In this thesis I defend the claim that classical liberalism has the capacity to justify meritocratic state policies that promote greater equality of opportunity. Correspondingly, I adopt an approach uncommon among scholars following the tradition of classical liberalism, given that I conclude with a position that is more frequently associated with the postulates of social welfare egalitarians, such as publicly funded higher education. This strategy serves as a reply to contemporary critiques of liberal democracies and implies that liberalism is endowed with the tools to address the flaws its own (neoliberal) manifestation has brought about. Skyrocketing socio-economic inequalities as well as the marketization trend which, among other things, crowds-out the traditional values of higher education and corrupts a public institution crucial for social mobility into a privilege of plutocratic elites, are just two examples. To support this argument, I discuss several consecutive claims:...
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Telemedicine as a means of strengthening the role of patients
Špalek, Jakub ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on how physicians perceive the use of telemedicine and information and communication technologies (ICT) in their practice. The work responds to the situation associated with covid-19, which has had an impact on increasing of ICT and telemedicine in healthcare. The aim of this work is also to find out how physicians can strengthen the role of patients in the physician-patient relationship and whether ICT or other digital technologies help them with this. The whole theoretical part is devoted to the relationship between physician and patient, where the shift of medical care from paternalism to consumerism is reflected and the theoretical concepts of patient centered care and patient empowerment are presented. The research data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 9 physicians who are in regular contact with their patients and have at least minimal experience with the use of ICT in their practice. The interviews were then analyzed using a thematic analysis, which showed that telemedicine and ICT contribute to strengthening the role of patients. Keywords telemedicine, patient centered care, patient empowerment, ICT, self-monitoring, paternalism, consumerism, physician-patient realtionship Title Telemedicine as a means of strengthening the role of patients
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Ethical basis for social work with family
Langhammerová, Kamila ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical principles of multidisciplinary cooperation with family at the case conferences of social and legal protection of children. The objective was to establish the essential ethical criteria for using the partnership approach and paternalism in social work with family on the example of the case conferences of Authority for Social and Legal Protection of Children and submit critical reflection of practice of conferences in light of ethical principles. Keywords Social work, family, ethical principles, multidisciplinary cooperation, case conference, best interest of the child, paternalism, partnership approach
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The Ethics of Nudging
Král, Jan ; Báča, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nudging and its Ethical Dimension" describes the topic of applied economic, psychological and communication knowledge and principles of human behaviour, decision making and persuasion through nudging theory. This theory puts into contrast with philosophical and ethical principles that are relevant to the topic, so that ethicality and unethicality can be pointed out. It does so in two parts. The first part covers the definition, history, development and application of nudging theory as a practical intervention based on the knowledge of behavioural economics. The second part covers general philosophical-ethical level, through identification of historical philosophical and ethical principles in nudging. Afterwards, it focuses on specific critical points that are relevant to the theme in order to come up with the general principles of ethics.
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The United States Military: The Most Patriotic Social Welfare Program?
Aldorf, Marek ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
American social policy, which has been under the influence of neoliberal paternalism, has become highly selective and inefficient. That needs to be changed. A model solution has been found right in the United States, in one of its federal institutions: the U.S. Military. In the past several decades, it has developed from a simple tool of defense into a complex institution, where an almost perfect social system exists, which could serve as an example for the national system. The military social system wasn't established purely on altruism, but rather based on a strategic decision to build and sustain the most stable and efficient fighting force. As a consequence, universal health-care emerged, as well as free access to higher education, social-welfare programs for veterans etc. Thus, people within the military community tend to have higher educational attainment, employment rates and quality of family life than the general population in the US. As a result, the military has been increasingly used as a social program. Even though the military service is often thought to be reserved for lower socio-economic classes, American middle class has increasingly sought it out as well. Given the structural problems not only in the national social system, it has been looking for alternative ways to improve, or...
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Dysthanasia as manipulation with natural death
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
This diploma thesis deals with the ethical problems contemporary dying and relationships society to death. One is devoted to issue dysthanasia, that approached as manipulation with death. Work looks for sources of dysthanasia and one finds is in contemporary attitudes medicine and patients to deaths, dehumanization of medicine and diversion from traditions. That also looks for pathway to prevention of dysthanasia. One sees is in repeated humanization of medicine, in accept the concept futile treatment and the capabilities to distinguish ordinary and extraordinary means. This work offers the alternative of dysthanasia palliative care and seeks for a position of social worker in it.
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Social and ethical aspects of the approach to schizophrenia clients
ROČOVSKÁ, Silvie
This thesis deals with the social and ethical aspects of the approach to clients suffering from schizophrenia. The theoretical part presents schizophrenia as a mental disorder that seriously affects our perception of reality and in which changes in personality occur. As a result, problems arise in everyday life, such as establishing close relationships, employment, housing, education or meaningful leisure time activities. These social problems threaten human with social exclusion. The practical part looks into client satisfaction with treatment in medical facilities, the clients´ main problems and offers solutions to such problems by the mediation of follow-up services. The ethical part deals with ethical dilemmas connected with the approach to clients where the common denominator is a thin line between promoting human autonomy and its limitations caused by the treatment of disease.
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Ethical linkage of the right to the awareness of the patient´s health
SAMCOVÁ, Daniela
This bachelor paper is called {\clqq}ethical links of the patients` right to be informed of their state of health``. This work consists of a theoretic part and a research part. The theoretic part describes the present state of the given subject. I mention here some important terms and the history of this topic. There also belongs, among others, informed consent and hermeneutic aspect of health care. The research part deals with hypotheses and the results of the followup research. The research was carried out at surgical and gynaecological and obstetrical wards. Respondents were deliberately recruited from among patients, nurses and doctors so that I could compare the responds of the three questioned groups. The aim of my paper is to check to what extents the rights of patients to chose which of the close people be informed of their state of health are respected form the point of view of ethics. I also try to find out in this paper if patients are contented with they are informed about methods and course of tretment and with the communication betwen them and nurses and doctors and present them in graphs for clearer arrangement.
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